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Nahal Hemar
Nahal Hemar is an archeological cave site in Israel, on a cliff, near the dead sea, just northwest of Mt. Selom.〔( (reference to dead sea scrolls link)magazine article published 8 April 1985 ) retrieved 20:02 14.October 2011〕〔( map location of this place : retrieved 20:51 14 October 2011 )〕〔(webpage copyrighted to © ex oriente e.V. ) retrieved 20:45 14.10.11〕〔http://archive.archaeology.org/online/news/glue.html〕 The cave was excavated in 1983 by Ofer Bar-Yosef and David Alon.〔
The excavations here are considered to be one of the most conspicuous Pre-Pottery Neolithic assemblages ever found in the Levant.〔Goren Y., I. Segal, and Ofer Bar-Yosef. Plaster Artifacts and the Interpretation of the Nahal Hemar Cave. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society. 25 (1993) 120-131.〕 The Find consisted of wooden artifacts, fragments of baskets and plaster assemblages. The objects found in the cave included: rope baskets, embroidered fabrics, nets, wooden arrow heads, bone and flint utensils, and decorated human skulls. Originally, these objects were thought be covered in asphalt form near construction projects, it was actually determined that the objects were covered in ancient glue, dated to around 8310-8110 B.C.E.. The glue was determined to be collagen based and believed to be from animal skins. The glue that coated the objects were believed to waterproof the objects or used as an adhesive. Glue similar to this was found in Egypt, but the glue found in Nahal Hemar are two times as old as the glue in Egypt.〔
==Plaster Assemblages==
This group of beads, basketry, and statue fragments is believed to have been used for ritual purposes.〔 This lime plaster was one of the first intentionally made chemical alterations where the makers had complete control over the properties. The presence of the plaster has been deemed of great importance because of the efforts applied to the process of making and applying the plaster.〔
The beads found in this assemblage are believed to have been used on garments designed for specific events.〔 Due to this discovery and other artifacts (masks, decorated skulls, animal figurines, and knives) found in the cave archaeologists believe this site served as a principally magical site.〔
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